Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Essay about The Blacks and Whites of Heart of Darkness

Every human being is born into a race and a culture. These are what separate one person from another. Is it possible to fit into a place where you dont belong? Your culture and race does not make you who you are, but they do play an important role in molding you. They can limit our beliefs in ourselves and which tasks we find important to learn how to do. With all of these afflictions, we do seam to be on a train with a one way track. Our lives appear as if they are set before us, just waiting for our shoes to fit the roles described therein. Natives have there roles which are separate and different from the foreigners, but how far do they differ? There are many Natives portrayed throughout the text but they are typically over†¦show more content†¦This is at a point when the Natives aboard the ship had mentioned capturing the natives on shore so that they could eat them. This brings about the connection: â€Å" I would no doubt have been properly horrified, had it not occurred to me that he and his chaps must be very hungry: that they must have been growing increasingly hungry for at least this month past.† (Conrad 36) This supports the whites opinion of the Africans not being human, and there confusion with how the natives act. There was no compassion between the intruders and those on their home turf. The Africans were wanted for their work force and what there country had to offer- Ivory. Nothing else was taken into effect. The white men, and men only, for women are scarcely mentioned. They are ignorant, heartless, merciless, and not in anyway helpful to the beings of this country. The Natives, by force, are the hands and the feet of the white man. Perhaps the Natives should be the foreigners’ brains as well? This however is not enough to even give them human standards at any point in their lives, not even death. The Natives are very beneficial to the intruders who seam but utterly helpless on their own in many situations. The foreigners do not appreciate the Natives, but they dont understand their culture or lifestyles. Similarly the Natives don’t understand the foreigners andShow MoreRelated White and Black Women of Heart of Darkness Essay897 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civilized, White Women  and the Black She-beasts of Heart of Darkness      Ã‚   Joseph Conrad in Heart of Darkness hints at some prodigious evil lurking in the soul of mankind; but this corruption -- in its simplest form, the brutality and mammon-worship of Belgian imperialism -- is hidden from the innocent. The initiated, moreover, either embrace the wickedness (as do men like the pilgrims and, most significantly, Kurtz) or resist it and become the enlightened -- truly, Buddha[s] preachingRead More Light and Dark of Colonialism and Imperialism in Heart of Darkness1542 Words   |  7 PagesThe Light and Dark of Colonialism Exposed in Heart of Darkness       In Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad, challenges a dominant view by exposing the evil nature and the darkness associated with the colonialist ventures. It is expressed by Marlow as robbery with violence, aggravated murder on a great scale, and men going at it blind - as it is very proper for those who tackle a darkness. 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Through his narrator Marlow, Conrad uses the theme of light and dark to contrast the civilized with the savage.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Through the individual characters, Conrad creates the division between dark and light and black and white createdRead MoreContradicting Symbolism in Joseph Conrads quot;Heart of Darknessquot;915 Words   |  4 Pagestechniques throughout his story Heart of Darkness. One predominant method of his storytelling is the use of contrasting sensory imagery between black and white and altering the symbolism the colors entail. This theme is clearly prevalent when we read of Marlows childhood dreams and when comparing and contrasting the Africans, the Europeans, and the corruption of the ivory trade. Generally, Africa and Africans are described in terms of blackness, symbolic of darkness, evil, and corruption. On theRead MoreThe Heart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad883 Words   |  4 PagesThe Heart of Darkness is written by Joseph Conrad in the time period of British imperialism. In Heart of Darkness, we are shown that good and evil is a blurry concept, and not one of black and white. Thesis: The title of Conrad’s, Heart of Darkness, refers to power and lust, through the understanding of Fanon’s theory, we contract that the white imperialistic Europe is the darkness for the novella, however, due to his racist tendencies, Conrad describes the natives as black , or dark shapes as described

Cloud Computing free essay sample

Cloud Computing technology is primarily utilized in the following three manners; Software as A Service (SAAS), Platform as A Service (PAAS), Infrastructure as A Service (IAAS). The preceding three methods of utilization are unique in terms of the benefits organizations accrue through implementing the technology within their organization structure and in terms of the flexibility a user obtains. Software as a service allows users to access existing online applications for free or on a subscription basis while Platform as a service permits users to create their own applications and Infrastructure as a service allows users to operate applications on cloud hardware of their choosing. I have used all three variants of cloud computing technology as I have used Google Docs which is a form of SAAS, Google App Engine which is a variant of PAAS and due to my employment I partook in IAAS as I used applications that were operating on a virtual server. Configured (via virtualization or other approaches) and delivered â€Å" on-demand†. The Web search popularity, as measured by the Google search trends during the last 12 months, for terms â€Å"Cluster computing†, â€Å"Grid computing†, and â€Å"Cloud computing. From the Google trends, it can be observed that cluster computing was a popular term during 1990s, from early 2000 Grid computing become popular, and recently Cloud computing started gaining popularity. Meanwhile, market-research firm IDC expects IT Cloud-services spending to grow from about $16 billion in 2008 to about $42 billion by 2013. IDC also predicts Cloud computing spending will account for 25 percent of annual IT expenditure growth by 2013 and nearly a third of the growth the following year. Cloud Computing has many benefits that the public sector and government IT organizations are certain to want to take advantage of. In very brief summary form they are as follows: Reduced cost, higher gains: Cloud technology is paid incrementally, saving organizations money. Increased storage: Organizations can store more data than on private computer systems. Highly automated: No longer do IT personnel need to worry about keeping software up to date. Flexibility: Cloud computing offers much more flexibility than past computing methods. The general architecture of Cloud computing is shown as below. 1. 2. Why Cloud Computing in u-Life care? As the standard of living rises, people are more interested in their health and desire well-being life. Today due to aging of population, rising cost of workforce and high quality treatment, threat of new panepidemies and diseases, the cost of life care or healthcare system is increasing worldwide. According to OECD (Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development) Health data 2008 (shown in Figure 4), total health spending accounted for 15.3% of GDP in the United States in 2006, the highest share in the OECD, and more than six percentage points higher than the average of 8. 9% in OECD countries. Korea was 6. 4% of GDP to health in 2006. The United States also ranks far ahead of other OECD countries in terms of total health spending 1. 3. Problems of Existing Cloud computing to support u-Life care Poor Security and Privacy Support Data for life care services normally composes of personal information, contextual information (e. g. location, user activity information), medical data (e. g. medical history, drug information, medical health record), etc. Such information is highly sensitive and people do not want to disclose them to the public. For example, a patient with HIV positive test may not want to expose his result to the other, even to their family. Storing data in Cloud leads to more security and privacy problems than traditional computing systems such as distributed systems or grid computing systems. Sensitive data processed outside the enterprise brings with it an inherent level of risk, because outsourced services bypass the physical, logical and personnel controls IT shops exert over in-house programs. More dangers and vulnerabilities may cause disrupts of services, theft of information, loss of privacy, damage of information. On the other hand, because any one can access to Clouds, it brings more chances for malicious users to launch their hostile programs. Hostile people can also give instructions to good programs, or bad guys corrupting or eavesdropping on communications. 1. 4 Practical Usage Our proposed SC3 can be deployed for various u-Life care services, including but not limited to: Safety monitoring services for home users: SC3’s WSN can monitor home user’s movement, location by using various sensors. The sensor data is then disseminated to the Clouds, from that SC3’s Life care services such as emergency caregivers can monitor and has immediate response in case of emergent situations like heart attack. Information sharing services : With SC3, patient information and data can be accessed globally and resources can be shared by a group of hospitals rather than each hospital having a separate IT infrastructure. Cloud computing would help hospitals to achieve more efficient use of their hardware and software investments and increase profitability by improving the utilization of resources to the maximum. The SC3 can provide a flexible platform for public-health departments to upload real-time health data in a timely manner to assist state and national health officials in the early identification and tracking of disease outbreaks, environmental-related health problems, and other issues. Emergency-connection services: SC3 can be deployed to real-time monitor home environments, including gas, fire, thief, etc. Through SC3, an alarm system connects to users, u-119, police department can give an emergency alert in case any emergent situation occurs. Users can monitor their home, their family health anywhere, any time with any device: SC3 Clouds and WSN enable user to access their home environment, their family’s health information with any kind of connected devices over Internets such as cell phone, PDA, laptop, computer. 2. CONTRIBUTION OF THIS STUDY Our proposed SC3 can help in enhancing capabilities and provides tremendous value by achieving efficient use of software and hardware investments. Our infrastructure drives profitability by improving resources utilization and increasing their scalability while maintaining strong privacy and security essential in u-Life care. SC3 can provide cost efficient model for automating hospitals and other life care agencies, managing real-time data from various sensors, efficiently disseminating information to consumers, support privacy and strong authentication mechanism, reducing IT complexity and at the same time introducing innovative solutions and updates. Our versatile architecture makes it possible to launch web 2. 0 applications quickly and also upgrade ulife care IT applications easily as and when required. Our automated secure framework of cloud computing would provide increasingly cheaper and innovative services. Technically, our SC3 infrastructure can contribute in the following ways in u-Life care: This architecture helps in eliminating the time and effort needed to roll a healthcare IT application in a life care centre . Flexible and swift access to expert opinion. Intelligent personal health monitoring system. Synergy of information from individual sensors (better insight into the physiological state and level of activity). Hospitals, silver care centers and life care agencies could share our secured infrastructure with vast number of systems linked together (i.e. secured sensor network to support real time information) for reducing cost and increasing efficiency. This means real-time availability of patient information for doctors, nursing staff and other support services not within the country but possibly across various countries as medical professionals can access patient information from any internet enabled device without installing any software. The EMR software or the LIS software and information can be located in our Cloud and not on the users or computer. Patient information and data can be accessed globally maintaining proper privacy and security policy and resources can be shared by a group of hospitals or life care agencies rather than each hospital having a separate IT infrastructure. Rapid response to critical life care regardless of geographic barriers (anytime, anywhere). Management of medical expertise also in rural areas. Savings for ubiquitous healthcare service providers and patients in procedural, travel, and claim processing cost Reduced use of traditional emergency services Improved non-emergency services Greater awareness of services among rural and remote residents and caregivers Timely accessibility of critical information in the event of emergencies. CONCLUSION This paper introduces Secured WSN-integrated Cloud Computing for u-Life Care, called SC3. SC3 monitors patient’s health as well as activities and shares this information among doctors, caregivers, clinics, and pharmacies from the Cloud to provide low- cost and high-quality care to users. My proposed system is a combination of various technologies with novel proposed ideas. It provides a number of featured components, including security and privacy control, WSN-Cloud integration mechanism, dynamic collaboration between Clouds, and an activity recognition engine to enable many u-Life care services. I am also present my primary result of development, and then discuss about its potentialities and benefits. FUTURE WORK There are still many works ahead. The first future work that I am planning to  work on is to provide more services to different kinds of patient’s disease such as stroke, Parkinson disease, etc. The number of activities will be increased to support more services. A number of wireless medical sensors are under developed. They will be used to collect health data of patient seamlessly. I will focus more on security and privacy for Cloud Computing. Currently, most users do not want to store their personal health data on Clouds because it is not safe and reliable. Another work is to extend my development into various such as manufacturing, military services.

Sunday, April 19, 2020

Mongol and Mali Empire Compare and Contrast free essay sample

Even though the Mongol Empire and the Mali Empire were on to separate continents they had key idea in the rise of their empire that resembled each other. The Mali and the Mongol empire both raised their empires on the sense of religious tolerance and they both accomplished cultural growth through trade. However they differed with their use of violence as a method of conquering and their origins. The rise of the Mongol and the Mali Empire were similar in their sense on religious tolerance. In Mali, even though the king was Islam the other traditional religions of the people were still accepted. In the Mongol empire all religions were accepted with no exceptions. This happened because it prevented conquered lands from revolting out of hatred. This allowed people to practice freely and without force. Another similarity in the rise of the Mongol Empire and the Mali Empire was their cultural development through trade. We will write a custom essay sample on Mongol and Mali Empire Compare and Contrast or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Mongol Empire controlled the Silk roads and therefore became a center of trade since as they controlled where massive trading between cultures took place. The Mali Empire was a major source and trade hub of gold. This allowed them to trade with Islamic people and eventually adopted Islam as a predominant religion. In addition to similarities the Mongol Empire and the Mali Empire differed in their rise with the use of violence as methods of conquering. Unlike the Mali Empire which had peaceful methods of rise, the Mongolian Empire’s army was brutal and was much more influential and forceful in establishing their empire. As an effect of the Mongol empire being ruled by Genghis Khan other civilizations experienced destruction as a part of the Mongol method of conquering. Furthermore, a difference that distinguished the rise of the Mongol Empire was their origins. The Mongol Empire originated as Barbarians. Their way of life known as nomadism gave them the rise to imperial expansion. Mali on the other hand was founded by Sundiata in 1235 from an earlier indigenous African dynasty that had earlier adopted Islam through peaceful influence if Muslim merchants and scholars. In conclusion, the rise of the Mongol and the Mali Empire faced similarities in which they both raised their empires on the sense of religious tolerance and they both accomplished cultural growth through trade. They differed with their use of violence as a method of conquering and their origins. Even with differences both developed to be very influential and powerful empires.

Sunday, March 15, 2020

The Impact of the Beatles on p essays

The Impact of the Beatles on p essays During the 1920s, the automobile was the greatest symbol in the community and it led a new era in transportation. In those years, automobile became popular rapidly. The automobile registration had an explosion and reached from eight million to twenty-three million within a decade, right before the break out of the Great Economic Depression of October 29, 1929. The mass production and big amount sales of automobiles increased the mobility of the United States, and brought faster and easier transportation to the people. Before the mass production, cars had been a luxury for the wealthy. The arrival of World War I and the Great Depression led to a setback in the development of luxury cars. It was during this time that the great deluxe automobile gradually disappeared from the road. But the creation of the Ford Model "T" and the Ford assembly line changed all that. With the assembly line, cars rolled off the production belt in very large quantities, making manufacturing and sales less expensive, and the convenience of automobiles available to almost anyone. This new development called mass production. With the mass production car sales soon went through the roof, as the public came to realize the benefits of an automobile. By 1927, 15.5 million Ford Model "T"s had been sold, and had stopped being produced, while the new and improved model "A" was released. By the early 1920s, automobiles were being used for much more than just ordinary activity. There were even hearses made into automobiles, as well as busses, and even trucks. The age of the horse and cart was quickly being replaced with something "bigger and better". The 1920's were a turbulent decade for automakers. Hundreds of new makes and models burst onto the market scene. The other American automobile manufacturers quickly adopted Fords mass production techniques. Ford, GM, and Chrysler made more than 80% of vehicles produced in world ...

Thursday, February 27, 2020

The Cost and Reimburstements of Medicare Research Paper

The Cost and Reimburstements of Medicare - Research Paper Example This study focuses on cost and reimbursement of Medicare as well as challenges facing the program. Medicare services can be provided to the beneficiaries either through traditional fee-for-service (FFS) program or private health plans such as Medicare Advantage (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2008). Whereas clients can be served in any hospital and by any doctor under FFS those using Medicare Advantage should be treated by providers in a network or pay extra charges for treatments received from out-of network providers (Mason et al., 2013). The program is available in four parts namely Part A, B, C and D. "Medicare covers Hospital Insurance (part A), Medical Insurance (part B), Prescription Drugs (part C) and Medicare Advantage" (part D) (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2008). Clients who apply for part C receives various benefits offered in other parts. Currently, some people prefer Medicare Advantage because it offers extra services in addition to those provided under FFS. Part A of the Medicare is financed through payroll tax charged on employees and the employers whereby each contributes 1.45% to make a total of 2.9% while for self employed persons they contribute full 2.9% since they are both employees and employers (Mason et al., 2013). Part C and D are financed by premiums contributed by enrollees of the Medicare and revenue from the general fund. Medicare in partnership with local insurance companies pay compensation to claims presented each year by the Medicare beneficiaries (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2008). The Medicare uses various methods to compensate the medical service providers for the services they offer to their clients covered by health insurance. For example, Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services introduced Accounting Care Organization model to harmonize medical service delivery among the service providers by enabling them to coordinate their service delivery to reduce expenses, improve quality and outcome of the

Tuesday, February 11, 2020

Persuasion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Persuasion - Essay Example Under such circumstances, it is likely that the other person will be willing to reciprocate and do something in return. Hoy and Smith (2007) observe that people who are engaged in such a relationship usually use words such as, â€Å"oh yes! I am ready to assist. I know you will also assist when my time comes†. Such a person creates the sense of a future commitment for the person who has received the assistance. In other words, it can be inferred that a person who can not reciprocate immediately or in future may not be able to persuade others whenever he needs assistance. Under such perspective, people will say for example that â€Å"Assisting him is useless. He can not assist anyone in need†. This has helped in developing a sense of togetherness in the society today, since people are always ready to assist in order for them to be assisted in future. On the other hand, a person may ask for a favor in order to do something. Under such circumstances, the one who wants to influence the other is compelled to offer what has been requested in order to persuade the other to perform a particular task (Goldstein et al 2008). For example, a person may be requested to be sent for a far away mission to perform a particular task over several months in the place of work. The DIF persuasive strategy applies when the person asks for the first favor in order to give in to the request, such as, â€Å"Promise to take care of my kid for the months I will be away†. The management may not be willing to undertake this request due to the complexity involved, but it is not ridiculous. However, upon the first offer being declared impossible, the person may make a second request, such as, â€Å"then give me one week off duty to look for a person to care of the kid†. This offer is practicable for the management, and the person is allowed the short leave after which he promises to come back and undertake the responsibility as requested. The second

Friday, January 31, 2020

Globalization and Local cultures Essay Example for Free

Globalization and Local cultures Essay The present scenario represents a highly dynamic environment, where transnational advertising, globalization and local culture are found to be closely linked with each other. This essay discusses and critically evaluates some of the major issues that are involved in the relationship between transnational advertising, globalization and local culture. Issues Some of the significant issues that are linked with transnational advertising, globalization and local cultures are as follow: ? Communication: As a result of globalization, the need for transnational advertising in an effective manner has increased. Globalization has led to the proliferation of huge number of products and it is through advertising only that the consumer can be made aware of the uniqueness present in the product. Transnational advertising requires creativity along with the quality of being magnificent depending on the firm. Critical evaluation: The critical evaluation of the issue of communication depicts that advertising should be based on the proper research and well planned groundwork. Advertising should communicate a specific message to target audience in a persuasive and believable manner and also it should not hamper the cultural values of targeted audience and others (Fowles 1996). Globalization has prompted the evolution of advertising agencies, which conduct market research for the clients. Market research deals with the commercial adaptation of standard social science methods in a qualitative and quantitative manner, which should be interpreted in a realistic form. Production of advertisement should not be restricted to just as a business relation between the agency and client; rather its content and practices must be subjected to some self regulatory codes. For instance, cigarette advertising on TV and radio, magazines and newspaper is banned due to federal acts. On the other hand, lack of representation of people in the advertising of cigarette is the result of self- regulatory code (Sinclair 1991). ? Creating consumer: Advertisers usually focus on some repetitive themes such as contentment, youth, achievement, status, lavishness, fashion and attractiveness. As a result of this, Social Opposition and differences among the class get concealed and workplace conflicts are not revealed. Global campaigns propose that remedies for the human problems can be found in the individual consumption, which depicts a perfect channel for mass energies. Critical evaluation: Critical evaluation of the above paragraph states that Consumer democracy serves as a substitute for establishing political democracy. The transformation in the U. S. Pepsi ad campaign, for use in Brazil, which was ‘Join the Pepsi Revolution’ describes that numerous people are left with no other alternative for expressing their requirement for social modification. The only viable option includes changing the brands and enhancing their consumption. Globalization has caused an increase in the transnational advertising and it is one of significant reasons for the enlargement of transnational culture and collapse of traditional cultures. In French or English, the foreign lifestyles of a blond jetsetter are related with the Western products and resemble a sign of modernity. Not only this, they also believe that the elements, which are modern, are superior. On the other hand, traditional elements are absolutely unpleasant. Thus, it will not be wrong to say that transnational advertising and globalization strive towards the removal of local cultural variations. The strategy of global marketing is highly effective as it rarely requires conscious subversion. The message, which states that ‘we will sell you a culture’, has greatly accounted in the global advertising campaign that acts as a particular advertising message utilized in all the countries. The reason behind an increase in preference of worldwide advertising is that it is extremely economical and more effective despite of the fact that it may wildly clash with the local environment (Stravens 1996). Virtue of respect: This is another major issue which represents relationship between transnational advertising, globalization and local cultures. The process of globalization involves principles and motivation of people. Therefore, it is necessary to make modifications in the global strategy and specific marketing concepts must be directed towards the identified groups. Critical evaluation: Critical evaluation of the above stated paragraph reveals that the virtue of respect can be protected from the infusion of foreign culture, if the government takes effective measures to make this fact clear that although they might have an global outlook, yet traditional values will also be given due consideration. The government of Singapore has done it effectively. Here, government formulated a list depicting good and bad aspects of the Asian and western values. This list assisted in the adoption of good systems from both the Asian and western values. In Singapore, it is very essential to understand the family for understanding the consumer behavior. This is so because family has a huge influence on making the decision related to the product’s purchasing and consumption (Stravens 1996). Economic management: In order to maintain a smooth relation between transnational advertising, globalization and local cultures, it is necessary to focus on the aspect of economic management. Values can play both the positive and negative role depending on the developmental stage of a country and extent of preference given to the Asian values. Not only this, international context is also very important. Critical evaluation: From the above paragraph, it is clear that in a world where goods and services move freely across the national boundaries, Asian values can become a part of liability if they do not understand the significance of transparency and accountability. For instance, Singapore is among the developing country that maintain a right blend between the Asian and western values. On the other hand, in South Korea, grouping of traditional and military cultures has led towards extreme dependence on enterprise system. As a result to this, issues like lack of transparency and failure in rationalizing the business structure have aroused (Sung-Joo 1999). Increase in the Decision makers: Globalization and transnational advertisement has brought about a revolution in the decision making capability. Not only this, it has also increased the number of decision makers in a family (Restall 1997). Critical evaluation: Globalization has led to formulation of developed means of technologies for advertising in an effective manner. In a survey, it was found that children in Australia have greater access over the television and computer. This reflects that marketers should give due response to the kids as they also play a significant role in decision making, especially in toys, games, fruit drinks and home PCs (Winton 1998). Not only this, globalization has reappeared as a rational projection of the digitalized revolution. Globalist theories are promoting the idea that people across the world can share widespread common culture (Watson 1997). The only aspect which an advisor should keep in mind that it should not hamper the local culture and must depict any vulgarity and sex. Dignity should be maintained while portraying a male or female in an advertisement. For instance, lee jeans (1987) depict two males and one female draped across bicycle. It is necessary to justify the extent of openness in such advertisements (Wernick 1994). Conclusion From the above detailed discussion, I would conclude with the note that a close relationship exists between the transnational advertising, globalization and local cultures. In order to make the process of globalization successful, it is necessary for the leaders of the globalization to practice the virtues of esteem for religious and cultural values and also surrender their economic self-centeredness for the betterment of the people enduring poverty. This serves as a challenge in front of the world leaders to pay attention to the dimensions linked with the religious and cultural aspects. Globalization portrays a culture of global mass, which is influenced by the contemporary means of cultural production such as Internet, movies, TV, advertising etc. Developing countries are required to understand the significance of globalization. A right blending of Asian and western values is required to gain the benefit of globalization. On the other hand, globalization and transnational advertising should not hamper the local culture, which can be done by effective formulation of rules and regulations by the government. References A. Wernick â€Å"(Re-) Imaging Gender: The Case of Men†, from Promotuional Culture. London: Sage, 1994, pp. 48-66. ISBN 0803983913 B. Restall, â€Å"ABreakthrough in the study of women†, from Production of Culture/ Culture of Production, (ed) P. Du Gay, London: Sage, 1997, pp. 225-232. ISBN 0761954368 Felix Stravens, â€Å"Advertising in Singapore†, in Advertising in Asia, (ed) K. Frith, Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1996, pp. 273-291. ISBN Hang Sung-Joo, â€Å" Asian Values: An Asset or a Liability? †, in Changing Values in Asia, (ed) Han Sung-Joo, Singapore:Institute of Southeast Asia Studies, 1999, pp. 3-9. ISBN 9812300635 John Sinclair, â€Å"Advertising† in the media in Australia, 2nd edition, (ed) S. Cunningham and G. Turner. St Leonards. NSW: Allen and Unwin, 1991, pp. 267-276 ISBN 1863733434 Jib Fowles, â€Å"Deciphering Adverstisements†, from Advertising and PopularCulture, London: Sage, 1996, pp. 167-183. ISBN 0803954824 J. Watson, â€Å"Transnationalism. Localization, and Fast Foods in East Asia†, fromGolden Arches East: McDonald’s in East Asia, (ed) J. Watson, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997, pp. 1-38. ISBN 0804732078 K. Winton, â€Å"Pizza and tech talk but hold the veggies†, Communications update, No. 147, September 1998, pp. 10-11. Noreene Janus 2007, â€Å"Cloning the Consumer Culture†, viewed 30 April